TOKYO (Reuters) – Japan’s real wages rose in December for the first time since March despite rising inflation, as nominal pay grew at the fastest pace in nearly 26 years with robust winter bonuses.
The market closely watches wage trends in the world’s third largest economy as high pay growth to counter price increases is seen as a crucial condition for the Bank of Japan to scale back its ultra-loose monetary easing.
Inflation-adjusted real wages, a gauge of households’ purchasing power, gained 0.1% in December from a year earlier to mark the first rise in nine months, the labour ministry data showed.
Total cash earnings, or nominal wages, grew 4.8% year-on-year in December, posting the biggest hike since January 1997’s 6.6%.
It matched a 4.8% growth in the consumer price index the ministry uses to calculate the pay in real terms, which includes fresh foods but excludes owners’ equivalent rent. The inflation rate was the largest since May 1981’s 5.1%.
Special payments grew 7.6% in December, after a revised 3.1% growth in the previous month. The indicator reflects the trends of seasonal bonuses for winter in November to January and for summer in June to August.
“Companies usually deliver their biggest bonus payment of a year in December, but this 7.6% (rise) is substantial” compared to previous years, said a labour ministry official.
Overtime pay, a barometer of business activity strength, rose 3.0% year-on-year in December, led by double-digit increases among restaurant and other service-sector workers.
It followed a revised 5.4% rise in November.
A workforce crunch among the face-to-face industries could be a factor behind the rising compensation for service workers, said the official.
For the whole of 2022, Japan’s nominal wages grew 2.1%, the biggest annual hike since 4.4% logged in 1991. But four-decade-high inflation brought the real pay growth to the negative territory, marking a 0.9% decrease after a 0.6% growth in 2021.
The following table shows preliminary data for monthly incomes and number of workers in December:
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Payments (amount) (yr/yr % change)
Total cash earnings 572,008 yen ($4,335.04) +4.8
-Monthly wage 269,740 yen +1.9
-Regular pay 250,083 yen +1.8
-Overtime pay 19,657 yen +3.0
-Special payments 302,268 yen +7.6
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Number of workers (million) (yr/yr % change)
Overall 51.812 +1.2
-General employees 35.241 +1.0
-Part-time employees 16.570 +1.2
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The ministry defines “workers” as 1) those who were employed for more than one month at a company that employed more than five people, or 2) those who were employed on a daily basis or had less than a one-month contract but had worked more than 18 days during the two months before the survey was conducted, at a company that employs more than five people.
To view the full tables, see the labour ministry’s website at:
($1 = 131.9500 yen)
(Reporting by Kantaro Komiya; Editing by Andrew Cawthorne)